Ubuntu20.04安装mysql8.x

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Ubuntu20.04安装mysql8.x

2023-03-11 15:06| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

1、使用命令安装mysql

#更新源 sudo apt-get update #安装msql-server sudo apt-get install mysql-server

2、初始化配置

安装的是最新版本mysql8.x

在初始化配置（sudo mysql_secure_installation）前先设置root密码，否则会报以下错：

Re-enter new password: ... Failed! Error: SET PASSWORD has no significance for user 'root'@'localhost' as the authentication method used doesn't store authentication data in the MySQL server. Please consider using ALTER USER instead if you want to change authentication parameters. root@myubuntu:~# mysql mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

然后再初始化配置：

sudo mysql_secure_installation

VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords... Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: N (选择N ,不会进行密码的强校验)

#已经设置过密码了，这步会直接略过！ Please set the password for root here... New password: (输入密码) Re-enter new password: (重复输入)

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them... Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N (选择N，不删除匿名用户)

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network... Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N (选择N，允许root远程连接)

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access... Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N (选择N，不删除test数据库)

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y (选择Y，修改权限立即生效)

检查mysql服务状态

systemctl status mysql.service

3、配置root远程登录

3.1 修改bind-address，默认mysql只能本地访问

sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf #找到 bind-address: 127.0.0.1 并注释掉 #重启mysql sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart

3.2 root登录

#查询用户 mysql> use mysql; mysql> select host,user,plugin from user; #设置权限与密码 #使用mysql_native_password修改加密规则 mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456'; #设置root密码永不过期 mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER; #允许远程访问 mysql> UPDATE user SET host = '%' WHERE user = 'root'; #刷新权限 mysql> flush privileges;

4、新增用户

8.0之后的mysql不支持授权的时候就进行用户创建，所以创建之后才能授权；

#创建用户 mysql> create user 'abcd'@'localhost' identified by '123456'; #给用户赋权限 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'abcd'@'localhost';

新创建的用户，加密方式为：caching_sha2_password

#修改加密方式 mysql> alter user 'abcd'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by '123456'; mysql> flush privileges;

5、root用户登录不了怎么办？

mysql有一个默认用户：debian-sys-maint

在这个文件中：/etc/mysql/debian.cnf

sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf # Automatically generated for Debian scripts. DO NOT TOUCH! [client] host = localhost user = debian-sys-maint（这个就是默认用户） password = X4k1p11iFNCzUGQn （这个就是密码） socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock [mysql_upgrade] host = localhost user = debian-sys-maint password = X4k1p11iFNCzUGQn socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock #然后我们就可以用这个文件里的默认用户登录，并修改root密码就可以了 mysql -udebian-sys-maint -pX4k1p11iFNCzUGQn

6、mysql常用命令

#1、检查服务状态

systemctl status mysql.service #或 sudo service mysql status

#2、mysql服务启动停止

#启动 sudo service mysql start #停止 sudo service mysql stop

#3、进入mysql数据库

mysql -u root -p

#4、退出mysql

mysql> quit;

#5、查看数据库版本

mysql> status;

#6、查看字符集

mysql> show variables like 'character%';

修改数据库默认字符集

sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf [mysqld] character-set-server=utf8mb4 [mysql] default-character-set=utf8mb4 [client] default-character-set=utf8mb4

7、卸载mysql

#1、在终端中查看MySQL的依赖项

#在终端中查看MySQL的依赖项 dpkg --list|grep mysql #卸载 sudo apt-get remove mysql-common sudo apt-get autoremove --purge mysql-server-8.0

#2、清理残留数据

dpkg -l |grep ^rc|awk '{print $2}' |sudo xargs dpkg -P

#3、再次查看MySQL的剩余依赖项，继续卸载

#再次查看MySQL的剩余依赖项： dpkg --list|grep mysql #继续删除剩余依赖项： sudo apt-get autoremove --purge mysql-apt-config

#4、删除原先配置文件

sudo rm -rf /etc/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql sudo apt autoremove sudo apt autoreclean #如果提示指令有误，就把reclean改成clean

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Ubuntu20.04安装mysql8.x

Ubuntu20.04安装mysql8.x

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